Process for producing a mixture of oil gas and water gas



June. 19, 1934.

H. G. TERZIAN PROCESS FOR PRODUCING A MIXTURE OF OIL GAS AND WATER GAS Filed Nov. 8, 192 s 2 She ets-Sheet 1 yarutydfi 5,2; 1?! a "Law 6' 4770042 June 19, 1934. H, TERZMN 1 1,963,811

PROCESS FOR PRODUCING A MIXTURE OF OIL GAS AND WATER GAS Filed NOV. 8, 1928 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 Patented June 19, 1934 UNITE STATES PATENT OFFECE PROCESS roa PRODUCING A MIXTURE or on. GAS AND WATER Gas Application November 8,1928, Serial No. 317,907

10 Claims. (Cl. 48-205) The present invention relates to the production of a mixture of oil gas and blue water gas, by cracking oil gas with the deposition of carhop and the generation of blue water gas in an ignited fuel bed by air and steam blasting.

The object of the invention is to provide new and improved method for such-mixed gas production.

The invention will be described and its advantages pointed out in connection with the attached drawings which form a part of this specification and in which like numerals apply to like elements in the different figures.

Figure 1 shows a partial elevation and partial vertical cross section of apparatus in which the method of my invention may be performed.

Figure 2 shows a vertical cross section of a modified form of generator which I may choose to employ.

i The apparatus employed in the practice of this invention is a carburetted water gas set comprising, water gas generator 1, carburettor 2, and superheater 3. .'I 'he outlet from generator 1 is through valved connection 4 and wash box 5 and 5 that from superheater 3 is through valved connection 6 and wash box 7.

The generator 1 is supplied with a fuel bed, indicated at 8, which may be blasted with air by employing the air supply means 9 having valve I 99 therein and may be steamed by employing the steam supply means 10, when the run is made upward through the fuel bed. When a run is to be made with steam downward through the fuel bed, the steam may be led into the generator at i 11 through valve 111 or introduced at 12 through valve 112 and superheated in heater 3 before passing through fuel bed 8. Branch pipe 13 having valve 113 therein affords a secondary supply of air to carburetter 2. Pipe 14 permits the intro- J duction of oil gas below the fuel bed, in the apparatus shown in Figure 1, and pipe 15 having valve 115 therein allows oil gas to be supplied to the carburetter 2. Pipe 16 having valve 116 therein is a spray for supplying oil to the generator 1, in the apparatus of Figure 1, and pipe 17 having valve 117 therein'a similar spray for supplying oil to the carburetter. Valve 18 permits the burned air blast gases to escape up the stack 19.

The carburettor 2 maybe filled with checker brick, as shown in Figure 1, orleft empty as in Figure 2. The latter is preferable when heavy oil is supplied-through a spray because of the rapid clogging of the checker brick with the carbon released in the use of such heavy oil.

The operation of the apparatus shown in Figure 1 is as follows. The fuel bed composed of coke or coal is ignited and then blasted upward with air from pipe 9. The air blast gases are burned in the carburettor 2 and the superheater 3 Y and the heat stored therein. The fuel bed 8 may then be steamed upwardly from inlet pipe 10. producing blue water gas, which may or may not be carburetted with oil or oil gas at 17 through valve 117 or at through valve 115, respectively, the gas passing through superheater 3 to the wash box 7.

Then oil or oil gas may be admitted to the carburettor 2, through supplies. 1'7 or 15 respectively. In the case of oil, the oil is sprayed into the top of the carburetter, and vaporized therein, the valve 44 in connection 4, leading to wash box 5, and the valve '66 in connection 6, leading to wash box '7, are opened and controlled in such a manner that-one portion of the oil vapor passes from the carburettor 2 into the generator 1 and thence down through the fuel bed 8, where it is cracked to reformed-gas, and, from there, passes out through wash box 5. Simultaneously the other portion passes down through carburetter 2, thence up through superheater 3, where it is. fixed, and from thence out through wash box '7. This latter portion is lightly cracked and will serve for enriching in the gas holder the more completely cracked oil gas that passes through the incandescent fuel bed and the blue water gas which hasbeen generated in the generator.

By the term cracked it is meant that the oil is split into its constituent hydrocarbons as completely as can be done by the temperature of the fuel bed duringv the time the oil is exposed to that temperature. By the term lightly cracked it is meant that the gas is less completely divided into its constituent hydrocarbons. The carbon formed by the cracking of the gas is deposited on the fuel bed whence it is removed by the' subsequent passages of steam through the fuel bed.

By simultaneously passing oil vapors through the fuel bed and through the heated chamber the applicant is enabled to use all parts of his apparatus at once and to thereby increase the capacity of his apparatus. The carbon which results from cracking is utilized during subsequent steam runs for the manufacture of blue water gas. Both portions of gas may be led from wash boxes 5 and 7, respectively, to gas holder 57.

The valves44 and 66 in the connections 4 and 6 to the wash boxes 5 and 7 determine by the considerable portion of the heavier hydrocarbons and tars will not pass through the fuel bed and the fuel bed will have less work to perform in cracking.

- The apparatus shown in Figure 1 is also adapted to use oil gas in the way which has just been described for oil except for the fact that the oil gas does not require vaporization.

The carburetter may be filled with checker brick as shown in Figure 1 or an empty carburetter and a spray may be used. The latter is preferable if a. heavy oil is to be supplied to the carburetter, because of the rapid clogging of the checker brick with such an oil.

In the use of a heavy oil, however, I prefer to admit the oil to the generator top instead of the carburettor and although this may be done in the ordinary generator as at 16 in Figure 1. I prefer to provide a generator as shown in Figure 2, which combines the generator with the empty carburetter. With this construction, the set may be reduced to two shells as shown, or three shells 'may be provided as in Figure 71. In this modificatiomthe carburetter is left empty of checker brick and is mounted directly over generator 1,

as indicated at 2, in'Figure 2. This causes any carbon released on the vaporization of the oil, which is introduced through spray 17, to either fall into the fuel bed or onto the side walls whence it may be readily barred down into the fuel bed.

The operation of this modification is the same as described above.

Down runs with steam supplied at 12 may be made as desired in the cycle of operations to carry surplus heat from the superheated 3 back through the set and balance temperature conditions or down runs may be made with steam supplied at 11.

Many variations may be made in the cycle of 'air blasting, steaming and oil gas passage with respect to the order of the'steps and to the directions of passage and point of supply of the steam.

In the following examples all the quantities are given per thousand cu. ft. of finished gas unless otherwise stated.

As an example of the operation of my process when using heavy oil and makinga finished gas of 530 B. t u. per cu. ft. I may operate as follows: After the air blast five gallons of oil are sprayed onto the top of the fuel bed and vaporized by the heat of the fuel bed. The resulting oil vapors are divided. One portion (the equivalent of three gallons of oil) is passed through the incandescent fuel bed and cracked to approximately 290 cu. ft. of reformed gas having calorific power of 650 B. t. u. per cugft. The other portion (equivalent to two gallons of oil) is passed through the heated chamber and cracked to approximately 120 ft. of oil gas having a calorific power of 1500 B. t. 11. per cu. It. A steam run is then made and approximately 590 cu. ft. of blue water gas having a calorific power of 270 B.t. 11. per cu. ft. is generated. These gases are then mixed to form a finished gas of 530 B. t. u. per cu. ft. in

As a second example of operating my process using gas. oil and making a finished gas of .550 B. t. u. per cu. ft., I operate asfollowsz- -After the air blastl five gallons of gas oil are sprayed onto the fuel bed or into the carburetter and vaporized. The gas vapors are divided. One portion (the equivalent of three gallons of oil) is passed down through the incandescent fuel bed and cracked to approximately 310 cu. ft. of reformedgas of 660 B. t. u. per cu. ft. The other portion (equivalent to two gallons of oil) is passed through the heated checkerbrick and cracked to approximately 130 c'u. ft. of reformed gas of 1540 B. t. 11. per cu. ft.- A steam run is then made and approximately 560 cu. ft. of blue gas of 270 B. t. u. per cu. ft..is generated. The above mentioned gases are then mixed to form a finished descent fuel bed and cracked therein to approximately 500 cu. ft. of reformed oil gas of 550 B. t. u. per cu. ft. The remaining 100 cu. ft of oil gas is passed through the heated checker brick and slightly cracked to approximately 130 cu. ft. of reformed oil gas of 120 B. t. u. per cu.'ft. A steam run is then made through the fuel bed and approximately 650 cu. ft. of blue water gas of- 270 B. t. u. per cu. ft. is generated. The above men- 'tioned gases are then mixed to produce a finished gas of530 B. t. 11. per cu. ft. I

.The inventor does not intend to be limited in the practice of the invention except by the attached claims. The term separately," as used in the claims, refers to the passage of the portions of the gas through the set and not to their ultimate disposal as both portions after passing through the set separately may be led to the same wash box.

I claim:

1. In a process of the manufacture of gas as practiced in aset comprising a generator adapted to contain a solid fuel bed, a carburettor and a superheater, the following steps: air blasting the fuel bed in the generator and burning the blast gases in the carburetter and in the superheater, thereby beating them: introducing a fluid hydrocarbon to theheated carburetter, and passing simultaneously the hydrocarbon gas, in part through the incandescent fuel bed in the generator, thereby cracking it to reformed ofl gas, and the remainder through the superheater, thereby lightly cracking it by the heat stored in the superheater.

2. In a process for the manufacture of a mixture of oil gas and water gas, the following steps; introducing oil into a heated chamber thereby vaporizing it, leading off a portiontof the vapor through an incandescent solid fue bed thereby cracking the oil vapor to reform oil gas and simultaneously leading off the remaining portion of the 'vapor' separately from the first portion through a heated chamber therebyv partially is introduced to the set. Approximately 250' cu. ft. of oil gas is passed through the moanture of oil gas and water gas, the following steps; v

introducing oil gas into a heated chamber, leading off a'portion of the gas throughan incandescentsolid fuel bed thereby cracking the gas to reformed oil gas and simultaneously leading off the remaining portion of the gas separately from the first portion through a heated chamber thereby partially cracking it with heat stored in said 'chamber.

4. In a process for.

the manufacture of a m'ixv ture of oil gas and water gas, the following steps,

, one step being blasting a solid fuel bed to incanstored in said chamber.

5. In a process for the manufacture of a mixture of oil gas and water gas, the following steps of operation, one step being blasting a solid fuel bed to incandescence with air and burning the products of combustion in an enclosed chamber, another step being introducing oil gas to the heated chamber, passing part of the heated oil gas through the incandescent fuel bed thereby cracking it to reformed oil gas and simultaneously passing the remainder of the heated oil gas separately from the first portion through an enclosed chamber to partially crack it with heat stored in said chamber.

6. In a process for the manufacture of a mixture of oil gas and water gas, the following steps; blasting a solid fuel bed to incandescence with air and burning the products of combustion in an enclosed heat storing chamber, introducing oil to the heated chamber directly above the fuel bed thereby vaporizing the oil to oil vapor,,passing part of the oil vapor through the incandescent fuel bed to crack it to reformed oil gas, and simultaneously passing the remainder of the oil vapor separately from the first portion through an enclosed heat storing chamber to partially crack it with heat stored in said chamber.

7. A process for the manufacture of a mixture of oil gas and water gas comprising blasting a solid fuel bed to incandescence with air and burning the products of combustion in an enclosed heat storing chamber, passing steam through the fuel bed to produce water gas and introducing, I

oil to the heated'chamber thereby vaporizing the oil, passing part of the oil vapor through the incandescent fuel bed thereby cracking it to reformed oil gas, and simultaneously passing the remainder of the oil vapor separately from the first portion through an enclosed heat storing chamber to partially crack it with heat stored in said chamber.

8. A process for the manufacture of a mixture of oil gas and water gas comprising blasting a solid fuel bed to incandescence with air and burning the products of combustion in an enclosed fuel bed to make water gas and introducing oil gas to the heated chamber, passing part of the heated gas through the incandescent fuel bed thereby cracking it to reformed oil gas, and simultaneously passing the remainder separately from the first portion through an enclosed'heat storing chamber thereby partially cracking it.

9. In a process for the manufacture of a mixture of oil gas and water gas, the steps of air blasting a solid fuel bed to incandescence and burning the products of combustion and storing the heat thereof in suitable apparatus, introducing fluid hydrocarbon into the apparatus and heat storing chamber, passing steam through the diverting a portion thereof through the apparatus, andsimultaneously leading off from the apparatus oil gas partially cracked by heat stored in said apparatus and leading off separately from the first portion more completely cracked oil gas from the fuel bed.

10. In a process for the manufacture of a mixture of oil gas and water gas, the steps of introducing a fluid hydrocarbon to a heated chamber, passing a portion of the hydrocarbon through the entire height of an incandescent solid fuel bed thereby cracking it to reformed hydrocarbon gas, and simultaneously passing he remaining portion of the hydrocarbon through a heated chamber thereby cracking the vapor by the heat stored .in said chamber less completely than the first portion is cracked.

HARUTYUN G. TERZIAN. 

